Apple fruits storage duration and affection with diseases in the conditions of the common cooled fruit store
DOI: 10.35205/0558-1125-2018-73-123-131
UDC 634.10:631.563
APPLE (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) FRUITS STORAGE DURATION AND AFFECTION WITH DISEASES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COMMON COOLED FRUIT STORE
L.M.SHEVCHUK, Doctor
S.M.BABENKO, Junior Research Worker
Institute of Horticulture, NAAS of Ukraine, 03027, 23 Sadova st., e-mail: zberig@ukr.net
The results of the researches show that the studied apple varieties are different concerning both the storage durationn and disease resistance. The keeping quality of the apples of most of the tested cultivars was depends on the growing season weather conditions. The fruits of the greater keeping quality were obtained in the years when during their formation and growth (May-September) the average daily air temperature was 16-17 degreeÑ, the sum of its active temperatures 2500-2650 degreeÑ, precipitations fell evenly, their number approached the annual average one in the. Northern part of the Lisosteppe. The apples formed when the vegetation period was very warm turned out of the less keeping quality; the average daily temperature exceeded 2700 degreeC, and the precipitations amount was 220-300 mm; they fell extremely unevenly.
It is ‘Askolda’, ‘Gloucester’, ‘Todes’, ‘Joy’, ‘Ligol’ and ‘Melrose’ that have the highest keeping quality potential among them while ‘Skifske Zoloto’ and ‘King Jonagold’ the lowest one.
The investigations show that the main causes of the losses and reduction of the apples quality are their affection by physiological and microbiological diseases. Almost all the studied cvs had those diseases.
The investigated varieties Skifske Zoloto, Todes, Gloucester, Ligol, Askolda are affected by physiological disorders least of all.
The research results have shown that the apples of the cultivars Rainette Symyrenko, Melrose, Angold and Siabrina are most affected by browning and pulp most of all during the storage. The fruits of ‘Honey Crisp’, ‘Pearls of Kyiv’ and ‘Edera’ are inclined to low-temperature burns. The apples of cvs Siabrina and Angold are characterized by the reduction of the marketability caused by swelling (in some years 30-40 %). The main disease during the storage period that affects the ‘Gloucester’ fruits and spoils their appearance and taste is the bitter fossil. Its development depends on the growing conditions.
The great display of the inclination to fade during the storage have shown the fruits of ‘King Jonagold’, ‘Delbar Jubilee’, ‘Gold Rush’ and ‘Golden Delicious’. The great inclination of apple fruits to fading during the storage in a usual cooled storage has appeared to depend on the anatomical structure, the biology of the variety, harvesting and storage terms, as well as on the weather conditions and relative air humidity in the storehouse.
Key words: apple fruits, their storage and keeping quality, common cooled atmosphere, physiological decay, microbiological diseases.
UDC 634.10:631.563
APPLE (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) FRUITS STORAGE DURATION AND AFFECTION WITH DISEASES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COMMON COOLED FRUIT STORE
L.M.SHEVCHUK, Doctor
S.M.BABENKO, Junior Research Worker
Institute of Horticulture, NAAS of Ukraine, 03027, 23 Sadova st., e-mail: zberig@ukr.net
The results of the researches show that the studied apple varieties are different concerning both the storage durationn and disease resistance. The keeping quality of the apples of most of the tested cultivars was depends on the growing season weather conditions. The fruits of the greater keeping quality were obtained in the years when during their formation and growth (May-September) the average daily air temperature was 16-17 degreeÑ, the sum of its active temperatures 2500-2650 degreeÑ, precipitations fell evenly, their number approached the annual average one in the. Northern part of the Lisosteppe. The apples formed when the vegetation period was very warm turned out of the less keeping quality; the average daily temperature exceeded 2700 degreeC, and the precipitations amount was 220-300 mm; they fell extremely unevenly.
It is ‘Askolda’, ‘Gloucester’, ‘Todes’, ‘Joy’, ‘Ligol’ and ‘Melrose’ that have the highest keeping quality potential among them while ‘Skifske Zoloto’ and ‘King Jonagold’ the lowest one.
The investigations show that the main causes of the losses and reduction of the apples quality are their affection by physiological and microbiological diseases. Almost all the studied cvs had those diseases.
The investigated varieties Skifske Zoloto, Todes, Gloucester, Ligol, Askolda are affected by physiological disorders least of all.
The research results have shown that the apples of the cultivars Rainette Symyrenko, Melrose, Angold and Siabrina are most affected by browning and pulp most of all during the storage. The fruits of ‘Honey Crisp’, ‘Pearls of Kyiv’ and ‘Edera’ are inclined to low-temperature burns. The apples of cvs Siabrina and Angold are characterized by the reduction of the marketability caused by swelling (in some years 30-40 %). The main disease during the storage period that affects the ‘Gloucester’ fruits and spoils their appearance and taste is the bitter fossil. Its development depends on the growing conditions.
The great display of the inclination to fade during the storage have shown the fruits of ‘King Jonagold’, ‘Delbar Jubilee’, ‘Gold Rush’ and ‘Golden Delicious’. The great inclination of apple fruits to fading during the storage in a usual cooled storage has appeared to depend on the anatomical structure, the biology of the variety, harvesting and storage terms, as well as on the weather conditions and relative air humidity in the storehouse.
Key words: apple fruits, their storage and keeping quality, common cooled atmosphere, physiological decay, microbiological diseases.
