VALUE AND PROSPECTS OF APPLE VARIETIES OF TRADITIONAL SELECTION
DOI: 10.35205/0558-1125-2024-79-22-30
UDC 634.11:631.526.32:631.6.02
VALUE AND PROSPECTS OF APPLE VARIETIES (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) OF TRADITIONAL SELECTION
T.Ye. KONDRATENKO, Doctor, Professor, Corresponding Member of NAAS of Ukraine
A.I. TROKHYMCHUK, Yu.D. HONCHARUK, PhDs
Institute of Horticulture (IH), NAAS of Ukraine, 03027, Kyiv-27, str. Sadova, 23,
e-mail: a.trokhymchuk@ukr.net
K.P. TARNAVSKA, PhD
Podillya Research Station of the IH, NAAS of Ukraine, 23226, 1, Naukova st., Medvezhe Vushko, Vinnytsya district, Vinnytsya region, e-mail: ktarn1235@ukr.net
V.V. VOLOSHYNA, PhD
L.P. Symyrenko Research Station of Pomology of IH, NAAS of Ukraine,
19511, Mliiv, Horodyshche district, Cherkasy region, e-mail: voloshinavarvara@ukr.net
O.M. KUZMINETS, PhD
Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, 69063, Zaporizhia, Universytetska St., 66
The current state of production and consumption of apples and apple products in the world, European countries and Ukraine is analyzed. A trend towards a decline in apple consumption per capita is noted and its reasons are given. The possibilities and prospects for creating functional products based on apples, primarily old varieties, are discussed. The results of the analysis of Ukrainian apple tree samples (353 names) registered in the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine are presented, according to their origin, distribution and intended use of products. There are 118 names of folk selection varieties: the appearance (first mention) of 58 of them dates back to the 19th century, 46 to the 20th. There are few ancient samples, the first reports of which appeared in the 17th and early 18th centuries. The vast majority of ancient varieties are autochthonous. They form, as a rule, apples of summer - early winter ripening period and are characterized by the following properties: high frost resistance and resistance to the scab pathogen; unpretentiousness to soils and other growing conditions; generous yield and tendency to periodic fruiting; variety of fruits in appearance and overall quality; average and satisfactory taste and short shelf life of fruits. Their apples were consumed mainly fresh, the suitability of fruits for technical processing, with some exceptions, has not been determined. Several varieties of this group (‘Putivka oseninia’, ‘Knysh’, ‘Kobatska sinka’, ‘Odinkivske bile’, ‘Chelebi’) in the 30-60s of the 20th century were included in the standard assortment of some regions of Ukraine.
Varieties of folk selection, which by the time of their appearance (late 19th - early 20th centuries) belong to the second, more numerous group, were called amateur. They had no industrial significance, they were most popular in peasant farms. Although some of them (‘Butske’, ‘Muhryk’, ‘Nemyrivka’, ‘Doneshta’, ‘Aport’, ‘Kalvil snigovy’, ‘Gul Pembe’, ‘Zori’) were grown for some time in the 20th century in industrial orchards of certain regions of Ukraine. The chemical composition of apples of many of these varieties still remains insufficiently studied. The taste of most of them was estimated at 3.7-4.0 points (on a 5-point scale) and was characterized as bland, mediocre. It is noted that old varieties of traditional selection are not in demand today by domestic breeders; while they represent a cultural and historical value that deserves in-depth study and a change in perspective on the directions of their use.
Key words: apple, variety, production, variety study, sample, collection, gene pool, traditional selection.
Список використаної літератури
1.FAOSTAT. Crops and livestock. 2023. URL: http: //www.fao.org /faostat/ (дата звернення: 13.06.2023).
2.Bossi Fedrigotti V., Fischer C. Why per capita apple concumption is falling: insights the literature and case evidence from South Tyrol. Horticulturae. 2020. Vol. 6(4). 79. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae6040079.
3.Kang A. The Lucy apple: a new red – fleshed variety that tastes like honeycrisp with a hint of berries. URL: https://www.forbes.com/sites/annakang/2021/12/31/the-lucy-apple-a-new-red-fleshed-variety-that-tastes-like-honeycrisp-with-a-hint-of-berries/ (дата звернення: 23.06.2023).
4.The perspective of croatian old cultivars in extensive farming for the production of functional foods / B. Duralija et al. Foods. 2021. Vol. 10. 708. DOI: 10.3390/foods10040708
5.Skendrovec Babojelic M., Korent P., Sindrak Z. Pomological characteristics and fruit quality traditional apple cultivars. Glas. Zastite Bilia. 2014. Vol. 3. P. 20-27.
6.Traditional, indigenous apple varieties, a fruit with potential for beneficial effects: their quality traits and bioactive polyphenol contents / L. Jakobek et al. Foods. 2020. Vol. 9(1). 52. DOI: 10.3390/foods9010052
7.Phenolic composition and free radical scavenging activity of different apple varieties in relation to the cultivar, tissue type and storage / K. Carbone et al. Food Chemistry. 2011. Vol. 127(2). P. 493-500. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.030
8.Autochthonous apple cultivars from the Canpania Region (Southern Italy): Bio-agronomic and qualitative traits / D. Cice et al. Plants. 2023. Vol. 12. 1160. DOI: 10.3390/plants 12051160
9.Hammer K., Gladis T., Diederichsen A. In situ and on farm management of plant genetic resources. Eur. J. of Agronomy. 2003. Vol. 19(4). 509-517. DOI: 10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00184-3
10.Симиренко В.Л. Часткове сортознавство плодових рослин. Том 1. Яблуня / відп.ред. О.О. Созінов та ін. К.: Аграрна наука, 1995. 455 с.
11.Симиренко Л.П. Помология. Том 1. Яблоня. Киев: Изд. Украинской академии с-х наук, 1961. 579 с.
12.Яропуд В.М. Розкажу про сади на одній паралелі з Парижем. В.: ТВП «Книга-Вега», 2002. 160 с.
13.Гущин М.Ю., Дем’янець Є.Д. Районовані сорти плодових і ягідних культур України. Київ-Харків: Держ. вид. с.-г. літератури, 1948. 203 с.
14.Кондратенко Т.Є. Сорти яблуні для промислових і аматорських садів України. Київ, 2010. 400 с.
15.Громов Д. Ознаки стабілізації. Садівництво по-українськи. 2022. № 4 (52). С.12-15.
16.Помология. Том 1. Яблоня / под общ. ред. Андриенко М.В. К.: Урожай, 1992. 351 с.
17.Помологія. Яблуня / під заг. ред. П.В. Кондратенка, Т.Є. Кондратенко. Вінниця: ТОВ «Нілан-ЛТД», 2013. 626 с.
18.Отечественные сорта яблони народной селекции. Каталог мировой коллекции ВИР. Вып. 251. Л.: ВИР, 1979. 192 с.
19.Малораспространенные отечественные сорта яблони. Каталог мировой коллекции ВИР. Вып. 370. Л.: ВИР, 1983. 132 с.
20.Атлас плодов / под общей ред. А.С. Гребницкаго. Вып. I-IV. СПб., 1906. 588 с.
21.Яблоня. Сорта и агротехника / под ред. В.К. Зайца. Киев: «Урожай», 1975. 264 с.
22.Результаты изучения и отбора новых высокоурожайных и иммунных сортов яблони / отв. за выпуск П.Ф. Белый, В.Н. Яропуд. Винница, 1990. 79 с.
23.Усиковъ И. Южно-русская выставка Садоводства и Растениеводства 1900 г. в Харькове. Плодоводство, 1900. № 12. С. 877-890.
24.Копыловъ М. По поводу статьи Г. Полевицкого о плодовыхъ сортиментахъ. Плодоводство. СПб., 1904. № 2. С.116-122.
25.Буренковъ Н. Выставка плодоводства в Киеве. Плодоводство. СПб., 1906. № 11. С. 927-932.
26.Маргітай В., Маргітай Л., Савіна О. Створення колекції зникаючих сортів яблуні Закарпатської області для використання в органічному садівництві. Науковий вісник НЛТУ. 2015. Вип. 25. № 10. С. 76-81.
UDC 634.11:631.526.32:631.6.02
VALUE AND PROSPECTS OF APPLE VARIETIES (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) OF TRADITIONAL SELECTION
T.Ye. KONDRATENKO, Doctor, Professor, Corresponding Member of NAAS of Ukraine
A.I. TROKHYMCHUK, Yu.D. HONCHARUK, PhDs
Institute of Horticulture (IH), NAAS of Ukraine, 03027, Kyiv-27, str. Sadova, 23,
e-mail: a.trokhymchuk@ukr.net
K.P. TARNAVSKA, PhD
Podillya Research Station of the IH, NAAS of Ukraine, 23226, 1, Naukova st., Medvezhe Vushko, Vinnytsya district, Vinnytsya region, e-mail: ktarn1235@ukr.net
V.V. VOLOSHYNA, PhD
L.P. Symyrenko Research Station of Pomology of IH, NAAS of Ukraine,
19511, Mliiv, Horodyshche district, Cherkasy region, e-mail: voloshinavarvara@ukr.net
O.M. KUZMINETS, PhD
Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, 69063, Zaporizhia, Universytetska St., 66
The current state of production and consumption of apples and apple products in the world, European countries and Ukraine is analyzed. A trend towards a decline in apple consumption per capita is noted and its reasons are given. The possibilities and prospects for creating functional products based on apples, primarily old varieties, are discussed. The results of the analysis of Ukrainian apple tree samples (353 names) registered in the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine are presented, according to their origin, distribution and intended use of products. There are 118 names of folk selection varieties: the appearance (first mention) of 58 of them dates back to the 19th century, 46 to the 20th. There are few ancient samples, the first reports of which appeared in the 17th and early 18th centuries. The vast majority of ancient varieties are autochthonous. They form, as a rule, apples of summer - early winter ripening period and are characterized by the following properties: high frost resistance and resistance to the scab pathogen; unpretentiousness to soils and other growing conditions; generous yield and tendency to periodic fruiting; variety of fruits in appearance and overall quality; average and satisfactory taste and short shelf life of fruits. Their apples were consumed mainly fresh, the suitability of fruits for technical processing, with some exceptions, has not been determined. Several varieties of this group (‘Putivka oseninia’, ‘Knysh’, ‘Kobatska sinka’, ‘Odinkivske bile’, ‘Chelebi’) in the 30-60s of the 20th century were included in the standard assortment of some regions of Ukraine.
Varieties of folk selection, which by the time of their appearance (late 19th - early 20th centuries) belong to the second, more numerous group, were called amateur. They had no industrial significance, they were most popular in peasant farms. Although some of them (‘Butske’, ‘Muhryk’, ‘Nemyrivka’, ‘Doneshta’, ‘Aport’, ‘Kalvil snigovy’, ‘Gul Pembe’, ‘Zori’) were grown for some time in the 20th century in industrial orchards of certain regions of Ukraine. The chemical composition of apples of many of these varieties still remains insufficiently studied. The taste of most of them was estimated at 3.7-4.0 points (on a 5-point scale) and was characterized as bland, mediocre. It is noted that old varieties of traditional selection are not in demand today by domestic breeders; while they represent a cultural and historical value that deserves in-depth study and a change in perspective on the directions of their use.
Key words: apple, variety, production, variety study, sample, collection, gene pool, traditional selection.
Список використаної літератури
1.FAOSTAT. Crops and livestock. 2023. URL: http: //www.fao.org /faostat/ (дата звернення: 13.06.2023).
2.Bossi Fedrigotti V., Fischer C. Why per capita apple concumption is falling: insights the literature and case evidence from South Tyrol. Horticulturae. 2020. Vol. 6(4). 79. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae6040079.
3.Kang A. The Lucy apple: a new red – fleshed variety that tastes like honeycrisp with a hint of berries. URL: https://www.forbes.com/sites/annakang/2021/12/31/the-lucy-apple-a-new-red-fleshed-variety-that-tastes-like-honeycrisp-with-a-hint-of-berries/ (дата звернення: 23.06.2023).
4.The perspective of croatian old cultivars in extensive farming for the production of functional foods / B. Duralija et al. Foods. 2021. Vol. 10. 708. DOI: 10.3390/foods10040708
5.Skendrovec Babojelic M., Korent P., Sindrak Z. Pomological characteristics and fruit quality traditional apple cultivars. Glas. Zastite Bilia. 2014. Vol. 3. P. 20-27.
6.Traditional, indigenous apple varieties, a fruit with potential for beneficial effects: their quality traits and bioactive polyphenol contents / L. Jakobek et al. Foods. 2020. Vol. 9(1). 52. DOI: 10.3390/foods9010052
7.Phenolic composition and free radical scavenging activity of different apple varieties in relation to the cultivar, tissue type and storage / K. Carbone et al. Food Chemistry. 2011. Vol. 127(2). P. 493-500. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.030
8.Autochthonous apple cultivars from the Canpania Region (Southern Italy): Bio-agronomic and qualitative traits / D. Cice et al. Plants. 2023. Vol. 12. 1160. DOI: 10.3390/plants 12051160
9.Hammer K., Gladis T., Diederichsen A. In situ and on farm management of plant genetic resources. Eur. J. of Agronomy. 2003. Vol. 19(4). 509-517. DOI: 10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00184-3
10.Симиренко В.Л. Часткове сортознавство плодових рослин. Том 1. Яблуня / відп.ред. О.О. Созінов та ін. К.: Аграрна наука, 1995. 455 с.
11.Симиренко Л.П. Помология. Том 1. Яблоня. Киев: Изд. Украинской академии с-х наук, 1961. 579 с.
12.Яропуд В.М. Розкажу про сади на одній паралелі з Парижем. В.: ТВП «Книга-Вега», 2002. 160 с.
13.Гущин М.Ю., Дем’янець Є.Д. Районовані сорти плодових і ягідних культур України. Київ-Харків: Держ. вид. с.-г. літератури, 1948. 203 с.
14.Кондратенко Т.Є. Сорти яблуні для промислових і аматорських садів України. Київ, 2010. 400 с.
15.Громов Д. Ознаки стабілізації. Садівництво по-українськи. 2022. № 4 (52). С.12-15.
16.Помология. Том 1. Яблоня / под общ. ред. Андриенко М.В. К.: Урожай, 1992. 351 с.
17.Помологія. Яблуня / під заг. ред. П.В. Кондратенка, Т.Є. Кондратенко. Вінниця: ТОВ «Нілан-ЛТД», 2013. 626 с.
18.Отечественные сорта яблони народной селекции. Каталог мировой коллекции ВИР. Вып. 251. Л.: ВИР, 1979. 192 с.
19.Малораспространенные отечественные сорта яблони. Каталог мировой коллекции ВИР. Вып. 370. Л.: ВИР, 1983. 132 с.
20.Атлас плодов / под общей ред. А.С. Гребницкаго. Вып. I-IV. СПб., 1906. 588 с.
21.Яблоня. Сорта и агротехника / под ред. В.К. Зайца. Киев: «Урожай», 1975. 264 с.
22.Результаты изучения и отбора новых высокоурожайных и иммунных сортов яблони / отв. за выпуск П.Ф. Белый, В.Н. Яропуд. Винница, 1990. 79 с.
23.Усиковъ И. Южно-русская выставка Садоводства и Растениеводства 1900 г. в Харькове. Плодоводство, 1900. № 12. С. 877-890.
24.Копыловъ М. По поводу статьи Г. Полевицкого о плодовыхъ сортиментахъ. Плодоводство. СПб., 1904. № 2. С.116-122.
25.Буренковъ Н. Выставка плодоводства в Киеве. Плодоводство. СПб., 1906. № 11. С. 927-932.
26.Маргітай В., Маргітай Л., Савіна О. Створення колекції зникаючих сортів яблуні Закарпатської області для використання в органічному садівництві. Науковий вісник НЛТУ. 2015. Вип. 25. № 10. С. 76-81.
