THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN VITICULTURE AND POTENTIAL ADAPTATIONS
DOI: 10.35205/0558-1125-2024-79-106-128
UDC 634.8:551.58
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN VITICULTURE (VITIS VINIFERA L.) AND POTENTIAL ADAPTATIONS
A. SHTIRBU, PhD
G. LIASHENKO, Doctor, Professor
M. BUZOVSKAIA, PhD
NSC " «V.Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking»", NAAS of Ukraine, Odesa
e-mail: vvv_tair@ukr.net
The article analyzes literary sources reflecting scientific problems of modern viticulture theory, practice and prospects. The main responses of grapevines to climate change and the main strategies for adapting grapevines to conditions of soil moisture deficit in areas with limited natural moisture have been identified. The topicality of the study of the problem of stabilization of grape culture at optimization of parameters of vine training system, its feeding area and agrotechnics in vineyards for the purpose of adaptation to changes in environmental conditions has been established.
As a result of global warming, which is occurring in the territories of most viticultural regions, the soil moisture deficit is increasing and the water regime of grapevines is deteriorating. There are at least four strategies that can provide effective grape growing under such conditions. Irrigation, changing the boundaries of winegrowing regions, introducing new varieties and rootstocks, and applying technologies for the rational use of environmental water resources can ensure sustainable agricultural production in the long term.
At first glance, the strategy of transferring the grapevine to new growing areas suitable for thermal availability is not very complicated. However, the study allows us to draw conclusions about the possible risks of a drop in temperature during the winter period to critical values for the grapes in the case of a transfer of the culture to more northern regions.
The use of new varieties and cultivation technologies that ensure efficient use of environmental water resources in traditional wine-growing areas does not require significant material and technical costs compared to irrigation in plantations. These strategies not only conserve resources, but also greatly simplify agricultural production and conserve freshwater resources. All of this is due to the reduction of capital investment for the establishment of vineyards and a shorter payback period, which is essential in the current market economy.
Key words: viticultural, agrobiology, drought resistance, heat resistance, irrigation, cultivar, rootstock, agrotechnics.
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