STORAGE DURATION OF FRUITS OF DISTRIBUTED, PROSPECTIVE VARIETIES AND ELITE FORMS OF PEAR

DOI: 10.35205/0558-1125-2024-79-101-106
UDC 631.563:631.526.32:634.13

STORAGE DURATION OF FRUITS OF DISTRIBUTED, PROSPECTIVE VARIETIES AND ELITE FORMS OF PEAR (PYRUS COMMUNIS L.)

Y. B. KHODAKIVSKA, PhD, Senior Researcher
S.O. LEVCHENKO, Post Graduate Student
Institute of Horticulture (IH), NAAS of Ukraine, 03027, Kyiv-27, Sadova, 23, e-mail: lab.plod@ukr.net
cv.levchenko@ukr.net
M.V. KAZANTSEV, Post Graduate Student
Prydnistrovska Research Station of Horticulture, IH NAAS of Ukraine, 059053, Chernivtsi region, Chernivtsi district, Hodyliv, 1, Yablunivska, e-mail: Kazantsevmax7@ukr.net

During 2022-2024, the duration of storage and marketability of fruits of varieties and new elite forms of pears were studied. As the data obtained showed, the duration of storage in a cold storage chamber on average over the years of research ranged from 20-25 days for the varieties Veresneve Devo and Vezha Muscatna, which can be attributed to the early autumn group; up to 100 days for Vyzhnytsia, Panianka and the elite form 5-36 (autumn group of varieties). The yield of marketable fruits at the end of storage was quite high and ranged from 90.2 to 98.5%.
The fruits of winter varieties Dicolor, Kucherianka and the elite form 17-103 were stored for up to 140 days, 150-200 days - Stryiska, Yablunivska, Bere Kyivska and form 4-79. The yield of marketable products was 91.2-95.9%. The longest - 200-220 days, pears of the Roksolana and Dekanka muscatna varieties were stored. It was established that their fruits must be ripened for 7-14 days before sale at a temperature of +15...+20° C.
The lowest yield of marketable fruits was recorded for Dekanka du Komis and Maria (80.7-85.0%). Their marketability decreased mainly due to the high percentage of wilting and pear leaf spot, as well as the early harvest date.
It should be noted that for the realization of the best marketable and taste qualities of the Roksolana and Maria varieties in the conditions of the Lisosteppe of Ukraine, the sum of active temperatures (2700 °C) is insufficient, although in this region, with the most late removal of fruits from the tree. The ripening of pear fruits of most of the tested varieties depended on the weather conditions of the growing season. It should be noted the weather conditions of 2023. The beginning of summer was hot and dry (the absolute maximum in June was 32.80 °C, the amount of precipitation was 38.1 mm, GTK=0.65), July – 21.6 °C, the amount of precipitation was 72.7 mm. In August, the maximum air temperature was 38.3 °C, precipitation was 8.6 mm, and GTK was 0.12. The beginning and middle of autumn were abnormally warm. The sum of active temperatures during the growing season was 3416.4 °C (with a norm of 3064 °C). Such weather conditions contributed to the improvement of the taste qualities of pear fruits, and did not have a negative impact on the preservation of fruits.
Key words: pear, variety, elite form, fruits, keeping quality, RGS, cold storage, fruit shape.

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