Productivity of the plum cultivars and elite forms in the conditions of the Right-Bank Lisosteppe of Ukrain
DOI: 10.35205/0558-1125-2021-76-45-51
UDC 634.22:631.559
PRODUCTIVITY OF THE PLUM (PRUNUS DOMESTICA L.) CULTIVARS AND ELITE FORMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK LISOSTEPPE OF UKRAINE
V.V. FILIOV, Acting Director
L.P. Symyrenko Research Station of Pomology, Institute of Horticulture, NAAS of Ukraine, 19511, Mliiv, Gorodyshche district, Cherkasy region,
e-mail: mliivis@ukr.net
О.A. KISHCHAK, Doctor, Corresponding Member of NAAS of Ukraine
Y.P. KISHCHAK, V.A. KRYVOSHAPKA, PhDs
Institute of Horticulture, NAAS of Ukraine, 03027, Kyiv-27, 23, Sadova st.,
е -mail: v.kryvoshapka@ukr.net
The authors present the assessment of the yield, vigor and productivity of the plum cultivars and elite forms in the conditions of the Right-Bank Lisosteppe of Ukraine. The researches were carried out during 2018-2020 at the L.P. Symyrenko Research Station of Pomology of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS of Ukraine. 14 cultivars bred at the mentioned institution were studied as well as 9 elite forms. The significant differences were revealed as concerns the trees vigor and crown habitus. According to the vigour cvs and elite forms were divided into groups as follows: low-holed (with the crown volume up to 15 m3), in particular, Oda, Nenka, Herman, 12516, 8124, 8143; middle-growing (15-20 m3) – Record, Zamanchyva, Dobra, Stanley, Bluefree, President, 9605, 7756, 9996; vigorous (over 20 m3) – Reinclaude Karbysheva, Čačanska Najbolja, Yantarna Mliivska, Tophit, Shtuthart, 8087, 7794, 8110. According to its results concerning the productivity, level early-ripening cultivars Nenka, Oda and Herman (14.2-15.1 t/ha) distinguished themselves, in the group of medium-ripening ones – Čačanska Najbolja, Yantarna Mliivska, Zamanchyva, Dobra and the elite form 12516 (15.6-16.5 t/ha), among late-ripening cultivars – Bluefree and the hybrids 8124 and 8143 with a yield of 16.3-16.4 t/ha. The same cultivars are characterized with high specific productivity, which reflects the density of the crop per unit of the crown volume, the area of its horizontal projection and the cross section of the trunk – 2.7-3.9 kg/m3, 5.2-6.6 kg/m2 and 0.12-0.20 kg/dm2 respectively.
The optimum density of the placement of the trees with the different vigor of the rootstock myrobalan plum with the orbicular small sized crown was established applying the method of the mathematical modelling, in particular for low-growing cultivars -1111 trees/ha, middle-growing varieties – 667 trees/ha, vigorous strains – 555 trees/ha.
Key words: plum, cultivar, elite form, vigor, yield, productivity, intense orchards.
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