PECULLIARITIES OF SEASONAL THE PLUM FRUIT MOTH (GRAPHOLITA FUNEBRANA TR.) FLIGHT DYNAMICS OF IN PLUM ORCHARDS (PRUNUS DOMESTICA L.)
DOI: 10.35205/0558-1125-2020-75-78-86
UDC 632:634.22
PECULLIARITIES OF SEASONAL THE PLUM FRUIT MOTH (GRAPHOLITA FUNEBRANA TR.) FLIGHT DYNAMICS OF IN PLUM ORCHARDS (PRUNUS DOMESTICA L.)
I.V. SHEVCHUK, PhD
Institute of Horticulture, NAAS of Ukraine, 03027, Kyiv-27, Sadova st., 23, e-mail: shevig@ukr.net
As a result of the long-term (2011-2018) researches in plum orchards the intensity types of the plum fruit moth butterflies flight seasonal dynamics – low, normal and high have been established which are observed during the vegetation period. The two latters are dangerous for crop so they are problematic for producers and require the flight dynamics control. The weather conditions indicators have been systematized. The mathematical parameters have been determined between those indices and the insect imago population density. The types of intensity of the seasonal flight dynamics (low, normal, and high) that can be observed during the vegetation period have been established.
The onset of the imago flight of the plum fruit moth after overwintering at the normal intensity is observed under the sum of effective temperatures (SET) of 80.9 and precipitations up to 33.1 with a probability of 0.545, whereas at high the intensity these indicators were 116.0 °C, 26.3 mm and 0.273 respectively. As for the generation which overwintered the usual flight type of G. funebrana Tr. has been noted at SET 332.7, precipitations 44.8 with a probability of 0.636, and high type, at 410.1 °C, 37.5 mm and 0.182 respectively. The summer generation under the normal intensity developed at SET 710.7, precipitations sum 48.3 and probability 0.555, at high intensity, 604.3 °C, 52.6 mm and 0.364 respectively. In the right-bank part of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the imago flight began at the end of April – in the beginning of May. The imago flight ends mostly at the end of September but may last until mid-October when autumn is warm. The average number of the butterflies of the generation wich overwintered under normal and high intensity types, varied to 15.1 and 20.9 respectively, and in the summer generation decreased to 7.8 and 10.5 specimens. Under the low intensity type, the amount of imago after wintering average at 5.0 and for the summer generation 5.8 specimens. The maximum G. funebrana density after wintering under the normal and high types of flight intensity was 19.4 and 30.1 and for the summer generation 15.7 and 27.1 specimens respectively. These figures under the low flight intensity for the both generations were 8.7 and 5.9 specimens respectively. The analysis of variance showed that the average imago number in traps (56.9 %) was determined by the intensity type, the generation share was 24.7 %, and the interaction between the two factors was within 12.6 %. The maximum imago trapping rates depended mainly on the intensity type – 90 %, and the other factors proportions studied were 3.3 and 6.7 %.
Key words: plum, plum fruit moth, flight dynamics, intensity type, butterflies number, generation, precipitations, effective temperatures sum.
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