PRODUCTIVITY OF SWEET CHERRY PLANTATIONS ON SEED ROOTSTOCK WITH INSERTS OF DWARF CHERRY CULTIVARS OF DIFFERENT LENGTHS

DOI: 10.35205/0558-1125-2025-80-122-142
UDC 634.23:631.541.11:631.526.32

PRODUCTIVITY OF SWEET CHERRY (CERASUS VULGARIS L.) PLANTATIONS ON SEED ROOTSTOCK WITH INSERTS OF DWARF CHERRY CULTIVARS OF DIFFERENT LENGTHS

V.A. SOBOL, D.Yu. NATALCHUK, PhDs
M.O. LYTOVCHENKO, Leading Economist
Institute of Horticulture (IH), NAAS of Ukraine, 03027, Kyiv-27, 23, Sadova st.,
e-mail: rozsadnyky.ic@ukr.net

The results of research conducted at the Institute of Horticulture of the NAAS, the purpose of which was the selection of variety-rootstock combinations to ensure high manufacturability, early fruiting and consistently high yields of plantations, are presented.
A brief description of the rootstocks for sweet cherries from the main breeding centers of the world is described. In a modern intensive garden, the main requirements for them are: reducing the growth force of trees to form small-volume crowns and compacting plantations; adaptability to the soil and climatic conditions of the growing zone; good compatibility with the main varieties of sweet cherries.
At present, among the vegetatively propagated rootstocks for sweet cherries, the most studied in fruit-bearing plantations of the Northern Lisosteppe are VSL-2 and the Studenykivska cherry. Trees of the Etika variety on the Studenykivska cherry rootstock already in the seventh year after planting gave a yield of 277.4 c/ha. This variety-rootstock combination is recommended as one of the best for intensive technology of growing sweet cherries. However, the restraining factor for the further spread of the Studenykivska cherry as a rootstock in production is: low yield of mother-seed trees and non-standard seedlings
The results of the experiment, which was established on the experimental plot at the Institute of Horticulture in the spring of 2014, are described. Experimental scheme: sweet cherries on the rootstocks Antypka (control), VSL-2 (control), Antypka with inserts of low-growing varieties of sweet cherries Studenykivska and Vstriecha (20, 50 and 50 cm with deepening), sweet cherry varieties Valeriy Chkalov, Liubava, Etyka.
The results of the study of the growth processes of sweet cherry trees of the Valeriy Chkalov, Liubava and Etyka varieties on the seed rootstock Antypka with inserts of different lengths of the low-growing cherry varieties Studenykyvska and Vstriecha, the labor intensity of the formative pruning of trees and during their commercial fruiting, the early fruiting of combinations and their yield are presented. More active growth of trees was noted on the medium-growing vegetative rootstock VSL-2, the pruning of which was more labor intensive (by 1.5-2.0 times). The most early fruiting (by 4 years) were the varieties Liubava and Etyka in combination with the Studenykivska insert of 20 cm in length and Valeriy Chkalov with inserts of both cherry varieties of different lengths. Over the years of commercial fruiting, the most productive combinations of the main sweet cherry varieties on the rootstock VSL-2 and Antypka with an insert of the low-growing cherry variety Studenykivska were identified.
Key words: sweet cherry, variety, graft, rootstock, planting, labor intensity of pruning, fruit setting, removed wood, yield.

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