FEATURES OF FERTILIZATION AND ORGANIC CULTIVATION OF PLUM
DOI: 10.35205/0558-1125-2025-80-20-41
UDC 634.23:631.811:631.147.6
FEATURES OF FERTILIZATION AND ORGANIC CULTIVATION OF PLUM (PRUNUS DOMESTICA L.)
D.I. HRECHKOVSKYI, Senior Research Worker
Institute of Horticulture (IH), NAAS of Ukraine, 03027, Kyiv-27, Sadova str., 23,
e-mail: agrochim6@gmail.com
The state and main trends in the cultivation of plum (Prunus domestica L.) in countries around the world and in Ukraine have been studied. Methods for determining plum's macronutrient needs, types of fertilizers, and application techniques are presented. In light of the global trend toward increased demand for environmentally friendly products and a responsible attitude toward the environment, research conducted both internationally and at the Institute of Horticulture is highlighted. This research focuses on supporting the potential for organic plum cultivation, maintaining soil fertility, and producing environmentally clean products. Although plum is not the most widespread fruit crop, it holds a strong position in both global and domestic markets due to the high taste quality of its fruits and the high market value of both fresh and processed products. It is an important crop in organic horticultural systems due to its resilience and adaptability to various growing conditions, as well as its low need for chemical inputs, making it suitable for organic production. According to both foreign and Ukrainian researchers, fertilization of plum using biological and organic fertilizers without mineral inputs is possible, but it is essential to select a fertilization system that corresponds to the soil's fertility indicators, physical properties, and physico-chemical characteristics. Research conducted at the Institute of Horticulture has shown that the application of biological fertilizers had a positive effect on the growth parameters and productivity of plum cultivars Stanley and Čačanska najbolja. Based on studies carried out at the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS, foliar application of biofertilizers HELPROST and PHITOSPECTR was found to improve the general condition of plants, promote the formation of a physiologically healthy leaf apparatus, stimulate growth processes, and increase plum productivity. While foliar fertilization cannot fully replace soil application of fertilizers, it significantly reduces the required rates of mineral fertilizers (especially nitrogen), thereby helping to avoid excess nitrate levels, which could otherwise lead to contamination of groundwater.
Key words: plum, global production, yield, compost, biofertilizers, organic cultivation.
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