RECEIVING HAZELNUT LAYERS AND THEIR QUALITY IN THE NURSERY OF VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION DEPENDING ON THE SUBSTRATE AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS
DOI: 10.35205/0558-1125-2024-79-128-135
UDC 634.54:634.1/7.03.631.534
RECEIVING HAZELNUT (CORYLUS MAXIMA MALL.) LAYERS AND THEIR QUALITY IN THE NURSERY OF VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION DEPENDING ON THE SUBSTRATE AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS
A.Ya. KARAS, PhD
Institute of Horticulture (IH), NAAS of Ukraine, 03027, Kyiv-27, str. Sadova, 23,
e-mail: sad-institut@ukr.net
In order to study the conditions for better layers in the nursery of vegetative reproduction of hazelnuts, several mulching substrates were used - sawdust, peat and their mixture in a ratio of 1 :1 and application of nitrogen mineral fertilizers (ammonium nitrate). The soil of the experimental site (dark gray, podzolized, medium loam on loess-like carbonate loam) was used as a control. The climate of the region is moderately continental, characterized by a relatively sufficient amount of heat, but unstable and uneven moisture.
The nursery of hazelnut was laid in the spring of 2012. The operation of the nursery began in 2013. Studies of the influence of substrates and the use of nitrogenous mineral fertilizers were carried out in 2020-2022 (8-10 years of operation of the nursery). An analysis of their influence on the reproductive capacity and quality of the obtained layers of the varieties Sviatkovy and Dolynsky was carried out. The average data obtained over three years of research indicate that the highest yield of standard layers was obtained with vertical cultivation of the Sviatkovy variety using peat and nitrogen mineral fertilizers as a substrate (151.2 thousand pcs./ha), and when using only peat - 139.3 thousand pcs./ha, i.e. the difference between the options was 4 %. The Dolynsky variety had significantly lower rooting rates and there is no clear dependence of the increase in the layers yield on the application of nitrogen mineral fertilizers. A similar trend with lower rates was also recorded with the horizontal method of propagation of both varieties. According to the results of the analysis of variance of the three-factor experiment, the influence of the method of creating the mother liquor (factor A) on the yield of standard hazelnut layers was 7.4 %, the variety (factor B) - 0.1 %, and the substrate (factor C) was the strongest - 43.6 %. The interaction (AB) - 2.4 %; (AC) - 5.2 %; (BC) - 2.0 %, and (ABC) - 0.8 %. That is, the main factor in increasing the yield of both the total amount and standard layers is the substrate.
Key words: hazelnut, nursery, standard layer, substrate, peat, sawdust, nitrogen mineral fertilizers.
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